1. abide by 忠于；遵守（法律、承诺）

同义替换：

be faithful to , obey

   abide 原始涵义：

Vt.忍受；屈从于 I am unwilling to abide the decision of the court.我不愿意服从法庭的裁决。

vi.等候；继续下去，继续存在 Though many features were abiding, the changes were much felt.尽管许多特征依然存在，仍可感到发生了各种变化。

   真题重现：

   Californians and New Englanders speak the same language and abide by the same federal laws.加利福尼亚人和新英格兰人讲同一种语言，并遵守同样的联邦法律。(1992年完形)

   造句：

   I abide by\obey\am faithful to what I said.

   我遵守诺言。

2. be absent from…. 缺席，不在 ，没到场、没参加

同义替换：

default

absent原始涵义：

adj.缺席的, 不在场的 At times he would be absent for a couple of days.他有时会离开几天。

心不在焉的, 恍惚的 He listened with an absent air and kept glancing at the door.他一副心不在焉的样子听着, 不时地瞥一眼门。

Vi缺席，不在

造句：

I will be absent from work tomorrow.

我明天不上班

3. absence  of  mind心不在焉 

同义替换：

being absent-minded

absence 原始涵义：

n. 缺席，不在 I want to ask for leave of absence for several days. 我想请几天假。

缺乏，不存在 In the absence of anybody more experienced, I took command. 由于找不到其他更有经验的人，只好由我来指挥。

造句：

Frequently absence of mind in the class made him fail in the exam.

经常在课上心不在焉使他考试不及格。

4. be absorbed in 全神贯注于…

同义替换：

be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on  ; be focused on ; be centered on  

absorb原始涵义：

vt. 吸收 A sponge absorbs water. 海绵吸水;

吸引…的注意力，使全神贯注；占去（注意力、时间等）The game absorbed the boy completely. 这男孩完全被游戏吸引住了。

造句：

Mary was absorbed in thought.

玛丽在沉思。

5. (be) abundant in富于,富有

同义替换：

be rich in; be well supplied with  

abundant 原始涵义：

adj. 大量的，充足的 Children under five have abundant energy partly because they take one or two naps daily.五岁以下的孩子精力充沛，部分原因在于他们每天打一两次盹。

造句：

There is a river abundant in fish in my hometown.

在我的家乡有一条盛产鱼的河流。

6. access (to)

同义替换：entry

access原始涵义：

n. (不可数名词) 能接近，进入，了解   We have free access to the library’s scientific literature. 我们有免费使用图书馆科学文献的机会。

真题重现：

“Knowledge is power” may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people. “知识就是力量”可能是最有哲理的一句谚语了，获取信息则可能是人类需具备的最必要的条件。 (1995阅读)

7. by accident偶然地,意外

同义替换：

by chance, accidentally

accident 原始涵义：

n. 意外遭遇, 事故 He witnessed the accident。他亲眼看见那个意外事故。

造句：

We met by accident at the airport.

我们偶然在机场相遇了。

8. of one’s own accord自愿地，主 动地  

同义替换：

without being asked; willingly; freely

accord 原始涵义：

n. 一致, 符合 They came to an accord that profits should be shared equally.他们达成协议, 收益由大家均分。

vt. 给予, 赠予，授予（权力、地位、某种待遇） We accorded the boy due praise.我们给了孩子适当的表扬。

vi. 符合, 一致 Most of my classmates accord in that opinion.我们班大多数同学都是那个意见。

造句：

The next day he spoke to her of his own accord, and his manner was somewhat changed.  第二天他主动和她说话了，而且态度有所改变。

9. in accord with 与…一致

同义替换：

in accordance with

accord 原始涵义：

见单词8。

造句：

Most people are in accord with their desire for peace.

在渴望和平这一点上, 大多数人都是一致的。

  

10. with one accord一致地

同义替换：

with everybody agreeing

Accord 原始涵义：

见单词8。

造句：  

They praised Tom with one accord.

他们异口同声地表扬汤姆。

11. in accordance with 依照，根据

同义替换：

in agreement with

accordance原始涵义：

n. 一致, 和谐, 符合 He acted in accordance with his beliefs.他按照自己的信念行事。

造句：

The rights of children are protected in accordance with the law.

儿童的权利根据法律得到保护。

12. on one’s own account  为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益 

同义替换：

for one’s own interest

Account原始涵义：

n. 账, 账户 The sum of money has been transferred into my account.那笔钱已转到我账上。

vi. 说明原因(或理由)，提出理由；是…的原因；做出说明(或解释)，解释(for) His illness accounts for his absence.他因为生病, 所以才缺席。

vt. 以为，认为，把…看做，把…视作 We all account him a qualified teacher.我们都认为他是一名合格的教师。

造句：

Everything he does is on his own account. 

他做的每件事都为自己的利益打算。

13. take…into account把...考虑进去

同义替换：

consider

Account原始涵义：

见单词12。

造句：

 Our strategy must take into account the possibility that our guesses are wrong.在制定战略方针时，我们必须考虑到我们的猜测有可能是错误的。

14. give sb. an account of 说明，解释 (理由)  

同义替换：

explain

Account原始涵义：

见单词12。

造句：

In describing an object we can give an account of its shape, size, color and function.

描写一个静物时应说明物体的外形、大小、色彩以及功能。

15. account for  解释，说明

同义替换：

give an explanation or reason for

Account原始涵义：

见单词12。

真题重现：

What might account for this strange phenomenon? 造成这一奇怪现象的可能原因是什么?    (2007阅读)

造句：

Lack of money accounts for her discontinuing her studies.

缺钱是她辍学的原因。

16. on account of 由于,因为.  

同义替换：

because of

Account原始涵义：

见单词12。

造句：

The drilling was delayed on account of the bad weather.

由于天气不好，训练推迟了。

17. on no account绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句 子要倒装)  

同义替换：

in no case, for no reason

Account原始涵义：

见单词12。

造句：

On no account should you leave the door unlocked.

你无论如何也不应该不锁门。

18. accuse…of…指控,控告  

同义替换：

charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about

Accuse 原始涵义：

vt. 指责，谴责；控告We accused him of taking bribes.我们控告他受贿。

19. be accustomed to 习惯于 

同义替换：

be in the habit of, be used to

accustom 原始涵义：

vt. (使)习惯于It takes a moment for her eyes to grow accustomed to the dark.她花了片刻的时间使双眼习惯这种黑暗。

造句：

I am accustomed to working inside the room of noise and excitement. 

我习惯于在喧闹的房间里工作。

20. be acquainted with 了解；熟悉  

同义替换：

to have knowledge of了解；to have met socially熟悉

acquaint 原始涵义：

vt.使熟悉, 使了解This book acquaints the students with the ancient cultures of Europe.这本书帮助学生了解欧洲的古代文化。

通知, 告知Acquaint him with your plans.把你的计划告知他。

真题重现：

Ms. Green has been living in town for only one year, yet she seems to be acquainted with everyone who comes to the store.虽然在这个镇上只住了一年，然而格林小姐似乎认识来店里的每一个人。(1996词汇)

造句：

I was first acquainted with him on board a whale vessel.

当初，我是在一艘捕鲸船上同他结识的。

21. act on 奉行，按照…行动

同义替换：

be according to

act 原始涵义：

vt. & vi. 做，做事，行事；行动，采取行动The time for thinking is past, we must now act.思考的时间过去了, 我们现在必须行动。

表演, 举动像…;装出,假装,做作Oliver is acting tonight.奥利弗今晚演出。

n.行为, 行动My first act was to run into the waiting room.我的第一个行动就是跑进客厅。

真题重现：

Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.世界各国政府都按照这样一个假设行事：人民的福利在很大程度上取决于经济实力和社会财富。(2000翻译)

造句：

The police are acting on the information received.

警方正根据获得的情报采取行动。

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22. adapt oneself to使自己适应于  

同义替换：

adjust oneself to

adapt 原始涵义：

vt. & vi. (使)适应，(使)适合She knew how to adapt herself. 她懂得如何适应环境。

vt.改编, 改写Many of Dickens' books have been adapted as films.狄更斯的许多书都已改编成电影。

改变…以适合(for)Many city vehicles have been adapted for use as school buses.许多城市车辆已改为校车。

vi.适应于，适应不同情况(或环境)(to)She has not yet adapted to the climate.她还没适应气候。

造句：

You should adapt yourself to the new environment.

你应该适应新环境。

23. adapt…(for)改编, 改写(以适应新的需要)  

同义替换：

make sth. Suitable for a new need

adapt 原始涵义：

见单词22。

造句：

The author is going to adapt his play for television. 

作者将把他的剧本改编成电视剧。

24. in addition 此外, 又, 加之  

同义替换：

besides

addition 原始涵义：

n.加; 加法That is a simple addition.那是简单的加法。

增加的人或事物They've just had an addition to the family.他们家里刚刚添了一口人。

造句：

In addition, reference is made to the novel techniques.

此外，还介绍了一些新的方法。

25. in addition to除…外  

同义替换：

as well as, besides, other than

addition 原始涵义：

见单词24。

造句：

In addition to English, he has to study a second foreign language.

除英语外，他还要学第二外语。

26. adhere to 粘附; 坚持, 遵循  

同义替换：

abide by, conform. to, comply with, cling to, insist on, pe rsist in, observe, opinion, belief

adhere 原始涵义：

 vi.黏附, 附着The two surfaces adhered, and we couldn't get them apart.这两个表面粘着, 我们无法将它们分开。

坚持, 支持He resolutely adhered to what he had said at the meeting.他坚持他在会上所说的话。

27. adjacent毗邻的, 临近的  

同义替换：

next to, close to

adjacent原始涵义：

adj.与…毗连的；邻近的We work in adjacent rooms.我们在毗邻的房间里工作。

28. adjust..(to) 调节; 适应;  

同义替换：

change slightly

adjust原始涵义：

vt. & vi.(改变…以)适应; 调整; 校正The man adjusted very precisely.那个人调得很准。

造句：

The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.

经过了若干年，从事职业运动的人的身体发生了显著的变化，而经纪人更乐于调整团队的制服以适应他们日益变大、变长的骨架。

29. admit of …的可能，留有…的余地.  

同义替换：

be capable of, leave room for

admit原始涵义：

vt. & vi.许可进入This ticket admits two persons.这张票可让两人进场。

承认, 供认She admitted having done wrong.她承认自己做错了。

vt.允许，让…得到，让…享有He was admitted into their fullest confidence.

他获得了他们的充分信任。

vi.(门)开向，通往(一地)(to)The gate admits to the yard.这道门通向院子。

 容许，容许有，容得；留有余地，给予机会(of)The regulations admit of no exception.规章不容破例。

造句：

His statement admits of one interpretation only.

他的话只有一种解释。

30. in advance 预告, 事先

同义替换：

before in time

advance原始涵义：

 vt. & vi.(使)前进, (使)发展; 促进I signed to him to keep away, but he continued to advance.我示意他离开, 但他还是继续往前走。

提高, 提升Prices are advancing.各种物价都在上涨。

vt.提出He advanced many reasonable proposals.他提出了许多合理化建议。

提前They advanced the time of the meeting.他们把会议时间提前了。

预付, 贷(款项等)I advanced 200 pounds more on these books.这些书我又多预付了200英镑。

把(钟、表等)拨快Clocks must be advanced one hour.钟表必须拨快一小时。

(尤指凭抵押品)贷(款)；借(钱)The banks often advance money to farmers for seed and fertilizer.银行通常贷款给农民购买种子和化肥。

 n.前进, 发展, 改进, 进步Nothing could stop the advance of the soldiers.

什么也无法阻挡战士们的前进步伐。

增长, 提高There has been no advance in the price of rice for many years.许多年来米价一直没有上涨。

借款, 预付款, 贷款The factory gave me an advance so that I could get my necessities.工厂先付钱给我, 便于我买一些必需品。

adj.预先的, 在前的We sent out an advance party of soldiers.我们派出一支先头部队。

预先做好的; 预先供给的They have got advance information of the storm's approach.他们事前已得到将有暴风雨的消息。

vi. (在锦标赛中)获胜后进入下一轮比赛He advanced into the second round.他获胜进入第二轮比赛。

造句：

It's a very popular play, and it would be wise to book seats well in advance. 这是部很受欢迎的戏剧，提前定好座位是明智的。

31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地.

 advantage原始涵义：

n.有利条件, 有利因素, 优势Her Olimpic experience gave her a big advantage over the other contestants for the final victory.她的奥运会参赛经历使她比起其他竞技对手在争取最后获胜上具有很大的优势。

益处, 利益There are advantages to not having servants.不用仆人有不用仆人的优越性。

vt.有利于，有益于，有助于；促进，推动；使处于有利地位It would advantage you to work hard.努力工作对你会有益。

造句：

Hang the picture somewhere where it will show up to advantage.

把这幅画挂在便于它显示较好效果的地方。

32. have an advantage over 胜过. 

 have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件  

have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事  

 advantage原始涵义：

见单词31。

造句：

A man who can think will always have an advantage over others. 

能动脑子的人总是会胜过别人。

However, it also doesn't have the advantage of the weather-controlled climate.

但是，它也没有恒温控制气候的优点。” 

You have the advantage of me there. 

在那一点上,你比我强。

33. take advantage of 利用.  

同义替换：

make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness

advantage原始涵义：

见单词31。

造句：

If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands.

如果你正借助文字处理器进行工作，只需通过几个简单的键盘指令，你就可以利用它来进行删加或移动整段文字。

34. agree with 赞同(某人意见)

agree to 同意  

agree原始涵义：

vt. & vi.同意, 赞同I asked him to come with me and he agreed.我请他和我一起来, 他同意了。

vi.相同, 相符, 一致The essential thing is that the two of you ought to agree.

根本的问题是你们俩应意见一致。

适宜, 相和These two shades do not agree.这两种色调不协调。

达成协议，商定 (about， on， upon)They have agreed on the terms of surrender.他们就投降条件达成了协议。

表示愿意，应允，答应I agree to leave at once.我答应即刻离开。

真题重现：

If any man here does not agree with me, he should put forward his own plan for improving the living conditions of these people.如果任何人不同意我的观点，他应该提出自己的关于提高这些人生活水平的计划。(1994词汇)

造句：

I agree with you to some degree.

在某种程度上我与你意见一致。

They agree to the plan in principle.

他们原则上同意这个计划。

35. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致  

同义替换：

in favor of

agreement原始涵义：

n.协定, 协议, 契约A signed agreement is not susceptible of change.已签署的协议不可再改动。

达成协议It took three years for the two countries to hammer out an agreement.两国花了3年的时间经过反复讨论才达成协议。

同意His silence implied agreement.他的沉默意味着同意。

造句：

We are in agreement with their decision.

我们同意他们的决定。

36. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…

ahead of time 提前.  

ahead原始涵义：

adv.在(某人或某事物的)前面The road forks further ahead.路在前面分岔。

造句：

Bush remains ahead of Gore among likely voters.

布什在可能的投票者中仍领先戈尔

Food is prepared ahead of time so that no cooking needs to be done during the festival.

食物被提前准备好了，因此节日期间就不必做任何烹饪了。

37. in the air不肯定，不具体；在谣传中

air原始涵义：

n.天空, 大气, 空气; 气氛We breathe air.我们呼吸空气。

There was an air of excitement at the meeting.会议上气氛激昂。

空中Many birds are flying in the air.许多鸟儿在空中飞翔。

样子, 神态, 姿态They were displeased with her haughty airs.他们讨厌她高傲的派头。

vt. & vi.晾晒, 烘干The straw mattresses are airing there.草垫子正在那里晾着。

播送, 广播The program airs daily.本节目每天广播。

vt.使房间通风, 透气We air the room by opening the windows.我们打开窗子让屋子通风。

造句：

The scandal about him has been in the air for a long time.

有关他的那个丑闻已流传很久了。 

38. above all 尤其是, 最重要的. 

同义替换：

especially, most important of all

above原始涵义：

prep.(表示位置)在…正上方The aeroplane was flying a few feet above the sea.

飞机正在距海面几英尺的低空飞行。

(表示方向)在…的另一侧; 在…往北The water is smoother above the dam.坝的另一边水面平静些。

(表示比较)优于, 胜于; 较…更为; 高出Because of her beauty, she has managed to marry above her.由于貌美, 她得以嫁给一个地位比她高的人。

超过, 超越; 为…所不及You can't expect to succeed if you attempt tasks above your ability.如果你要做能力达不到的事, 就别指望成功。

(表示等级)在…之上, 高于A lieutenant colonel ranks above a major.陆军中校比少校级别高。

 (表示否定)不受…的影响; 不至于He is above meanness and deceit.他不至于搞卑鄙和欺骗行为。

(表示数目)超过, 超出Above two hundred people attended the meeting.二百多人出席了会议。

adv.在上面My room is just above.我的房间就在楼上。

以上This is a military meeting for captains and above.这是一个由上尉及上尉以上军官参加的军事会议。

上述As is stated above, this principle applies to all cases.如前文所讲, 这一原则适合所有案例。

真题重现：

Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country's excellent elementary schools: and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “patial” thinking about things technological.

在诸多形成因素中，我要特别提到的是美国优良的小学教育；尤其是，美国人在思考技术问题时所表现出来的一种非语言的“立体”思维天赋。(1996阅读)

造句：

Above all, the person in charge was on the spot.

特别是，负责人在场的。

39. in all 总共, 总计 

同义替换：

counting everyone or everything, altogether

造句：

There are fifteen books on the first shelf, twenty-one on the second, that makes thirty-six in all.

书架的第一层有15本书, 第二层有21本, 总共是36本。

40. after all 毕竟，到底

(not) at all 一点也不

all at once突然

once and for all 只此一次

first of all 首先

all in all 大体上说

 be all in 累极了

 all but 几乎

造句：

Don't get discouraged by setbacks, we are new to the work after all.

别因挫折而灰心, 这工作对我们来说毕竟还是陌生的

He’s not at all tired.

他一点也不累。

I felt afraid all at once.

我突然间感到害怕。

He will explain it fully once and for all.

他将把它充分地解释一次就此了结。

First of all, you should know what profession suits you.

首先, 你该知道什么职业适合你。

All in all, it has been a great success.

总的来说, 非常成功。

She is all in. 

她累得要死

She all but fainted when she heard the news.

听到那消息, 她差点晕过去。

41. allow for 考虑到, 估计到

同义替换：

take into consideration, take into account

allow原始涵义：

vt.允许, 许可(做某事)I don't think he would allow it.我想他不会允许的。

给予, 让…得到The court allowed a sum of money to each child for clothing.法院判给每个孩子一笔服装费。

承认, 认为The referee refused to allow the goal.裁判不承认这次进球。

听凭，听任Jack had allowed himself to become fat.杰克听任自己发胖。

vi.容许某事发生(或存在)；容许(常与of连用)a premise that allow of only one conclusion假设容许只有一个结论

真题重现：

Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service.

这些新超级系统的支持者争辩说，这些合并活动将会大大削减成本，便于更好地协调业务。(2003阅读)

造句：

We should allow for unexpected difficulty.

我们应考虑到可能出现意想不到的困难。

42. amount to 总计, 等于

同义替换：

to be equal to

amount原始涵义：

n.量, 数量, 数额Large amounts of money were wasted.浪费了大量的钱。

总额, 总数He owed me $100but could pay only half that amount.他欠我100英镑, 但是只能偿还总数的一半。

vi.合计, 共计The bill amounts to $500.这张账单共计500美元。

等同, 接近His words amounted to a threat.他的话实际上是威胁。

 (在意义、价值、效果、程度等方面)等于，相当于，等同；近于，接近，就是，意思是(to)His failure to reply amounts to a refusal.他不予回答就等于拒绝。

具有价值It was the computer that amounted.真正有价值的还是那台电脑。

造句：

His debts amount to over $ 3000.

他的欠债总数已达三千多美元。

43. answer for 对…负责.  

同义替换：

undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for

真题重现：

He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to answer for the consequences.

他未能兑现合同上的一些条款，所以现在他必须对结果负责。(1995词汇)

造句：

You must answer for her.

你必须对她负责。

44. answer to 适合,符合.  

同义替换：

conform. to

造句：

Your deeds must answer to your words.

你的言行应该一致。

45. be anxious about 为…焦急不安

anxious原始涵义：

adj.焦急的, 忧虑的, 担心的We had a very anxious time until we knew that they were safe.我们一直忧虑直到得知他们平安。

渴望的, 急切的, 非常希望I was anxious for everything to be settled.我渴望每一件事都安排妥当。

造句：

I feel anxious about my brother. 

我为弟弟担心。

46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉  

apologize原始涵义：

vt. & vi.道歉, 谢罪You forgot to apologize.你忘记道歉了。

造句：

You should apologize to him for your rudeness.

你对人不礼貌，向他赔个不是。

47. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁

appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力 

appeal原始涵义：

n.呼吁, 恳求His appeal for forgiveness went unanswered.他恳请原谅, 但没有得到答复。

感染力, 吸引力This kind of music hasn't much appeal for me.这类音乐对我没有吸引力。

vi.有吸引力This job rather appeals to me.这工作对我有吸引力。

有感染力；引起兴趣；引起注意；投其所好；引人入胜(to)His argument appealed to me.他的论据引起了我的兴趣。

vt. & vi.上诉Five times he appealed the case, always losing.他上诉五次, 都失败了。

真题重现：

f the study of hw is beginning to establish as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators.

如果法律学习正逐渐被确定为普通教育的主要组成部分，其目的和方法就应该使新闻教育者立即产生兴趣。(2007翻译)

造句：

If you appeal to him for help, he will come down handsome.

如果你向他求助，他会慷慨解囊的。

The action films have lost their appeal to me. 

我对武打片已经失去了兴趣。

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48. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请

 apply for申请;

apply原始涵义：

vt.应用; 使用; 敷, 涂We should try to learn economic theory and apply it.我们应努力学习经济理论并能应用。

使刻苦努力; 致力于We should try to learn economic theory and apply it.我们应努力学习经济理论并能应用。

实施，实行The club applied the rules to new members only.俱乐部仅对新会员实行这些规定。

vt. & vi.申请, 请求; 适用You may apply in person or by letter.你可以亲自到场或去信提出申请。

造句：

We applied to the authorities for assistance.

我们向当局请求帮助。

He applied for a passport.

他申请护照。

49. apply to 与…有关;适用  

造句：

The law applied to all persons.

这项法律适用于所有人。

50. approve of 赞成

同义替换：

consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right

approve原始涵义：

vt. &vi.赞成, 同意The firm's directors quickly approved the new idea.公司的董事们很快赞同了这个想法。

vt.批准, 通过The minister approved the building plan.部长批准了该建筑计划。

vi.赞同，赞许；称许；称赞；满意、喜欢(of)Don't expect him to approve of your plan straight away.别指望他马上会接受你的计划。

造句：

I don't approve of smoking in bed.

我不赞成在床上吸烟。