251. (be) equivalent to相等于, 相当于

同义替换：= equal in value, amount, meaning

equivalent原始涵义：adj.

1.相等的, 相当的

There is no exactly equivalent French tense to the present perfect tense in English.

法语里没有和英语中的现在完成时完全对应的时态。

2.(数量、度量、价值、力量、意义、重要性等)均等的；同等重要的，等量的；等价的，等值的；等效的；等势的；同义的，等义的

造句：His reply is equivalent to a refusal. 

 他的回答等于是拒绝。 

252. in essence本质上

同义替换：= in its/one’s nature

essence原始涵义：n.

1.本质, 实质, 要素

In the above chapter, we have learned what the essence of translation is.

在上一章中, 我们学习了翻译的本质。

2.(植物, 药物等)精髓, 精华，香精；精油

This factory produces essences.这家工厂生产香精。

造句：In essence, treat your subordinates fight, and they will literally die for you.

其实，只要你好好对待下属，他们就会为你卖命。

253. at all events 不论怎样, 无论如何

同义替换：= in spite of everything, in any case

event原始涵义：n.

1.事件, 大事

Next day the newspapers reported the event.第二天, 报纸报道了这个事件。

2.运动项目

Some 2000 athletes competed in 20 events.

约2000名运动员参加了20个项目的比赛。

造句：Lucy had an accident, but at all events she wasn't killed.

露西出了车祸，但不管怎样，她死里逃生了。

254. in any event 无论如何, 不管(将来)怎么样

同义替换：= whatever happens in the future

造句：In any event, my feelings were hurt when I learned that he had fallen in love with someone else.无论如何，当知道他爱上了别人时，我的感情受到了伤害。

255. in the event that假如, 如果. in the event 结果, 实际情况是(常与but 连用)

同义替换：= if

造句：Customers shall be informed promptly in the event that nonconforming product has been shipped.   

 一旦装运了不合格品应立即通知客户. 

256. in the event of万一,即使发生..时

同义替换：= in case of

造句：In the event of an emergency，please Huse the marked exits. 万一发生紧急情况，请走带有标志的安全出口。

257. except 除…以外; besides 除…以外还有..

造句：He goes to office every day except (on) Sunday.   

 他每天去办公, 星期天除外。

The salesman gets expenses besides his salary. 

 推销员除了薪水外还得津贴。 

258. except除了。

同义替换：= but

造句：He never drinks except on special occasions. 

 除非在特别场合,他从不喝酒。 

259. except for除…以外

同义替换：= apart from

真题重现：The gain in 1970s was the lowest in American annual records except for the Depression years.除了大萧条那几年，美国在20世纪70年代所获得的财富在年度记录中是最少的。 (1998 阅读)

造句：Except for one minor incident, he seemed to be in excellent health.   

 他除了偶然发生过一次小病外，似乎非常健康。

260. (an) exception to …的例外

exception原始涵义：n.

1.例外，不包括在内的人（或物）

This is considered an exception to the rule.我们把这看作是该规则的例外。

2.规则的例外；例外的事物

造句：There is no exception to this rule.   这条规定没有例外。 

261. with the exception of除去…., 除…以外

同义替换：= except, apart from

造句：I enjoyed all his novels with the exception of his last.   

 他的小说我都爱看, 只是最後一部除外. 

262. in excess of超过

同义替换：= more than

excess原始涵义：adj.

1.超重的, 过量的; 额外的, 超额的, 附加的, 过度的

You'll have to pay excess postal charges on this letter.这封信你必须付超重邮资。

n.

1.超过, 过多之量

An excess of fat in one's diet can lead to heart disease.

饮食中脂肪过量能导致心脏病。

2.过度, 过分, 过量, 超过

She has an excess of anger.她爱过度地生气。

造句：These storms, with winds in excess of 73 miles an hour, are called cyclones. 这种风速超过每小时73英里的风暴被称为龙卷凤。

263. exchange…for 以…交换

exchange原始涵义：n.

1.交换, 互换, 交流, 掉换

There have been numerous exchanges of views between the two governments.

两国政府间曾多次交换意见。

2.兑换, 汇率

The purpose was to halt the rise in the exchange rate of the Swiss franc.

目的在于制止瑞士法郎汇率上涨。

vt.

1.交换, 互换, 换掉，更换

You two boys exchange places.你们两个孩子交换一下位置。

2.交流

They exchanged experience at the meeting.

他们在会上交流经验。

vi.

1.交换，替换；交易；进行易货贸易，作物物交换

Things exchange for each other according to their cost of production.

根据各自的生产成本进行物物交换。

2.【金融业】(货币)交换，兑换

造句：What would you give me in exchange for my recorder? 

 我给你我的录音机,那你给我什么作为交换呢? 

264. exclusive of不包括

同义替换：= not taking into account; without

exclusive原始涵义：adj.

1.高级的, 奢华的

He often goes to the exclusive restaurants.他经常去高级饭馆。

2.专用的; 独家的

This bathroom is for the President's exclusive use.这间浴室是总统专用的。

3.排斥的；排他的

n.

1.独家新闻, 独家报道

If you pay me ￡ 20, 000, I'll give your paper the story as an exclusive.

你如果付给我2万英镑, 我就给你的报纸独家报道这件事。

2.专有物，独占物

造句：The price of the holiday is exclusive of accommodation.   

 度假费用未包括住宿费.

265. in excuse of 作为…的借口

造句：In excuse of his failure he says that he has not been well during the test 

 他以考试期间身体欠安来作为他失败的藉口 

266. exert…on… 对…施加…

exert原始涵义：vt.

1.竭力；努力

He never exerts himself to help anyone.他从未尽力帮助别人。

2.运用, 发挥, 施加

He likes to exert his authority.他喜欢行使自己的权力。

造句：These separating flows exert tension on the ceiling. 

 这两股分开的气流对天花板施加一个压力。

267. exert oneself to do sth. 努力,使劲

造句：There are many things we have to exert ourselves to do; Here I will deal only with two fundamental aspects, the progress of the army and the progress of the people.   

 应该努力的事情很多，我这里只说最根本的两方面：军队和人民的进步。 

268. come into existence (=begin to exist)开始存在; come into use开始使用; come into effect开始运转; come into fashion开始时新; come into action开始行动; come into power开始执政; come into sight进入视野;come into blossom开花;

真题重现：He also conceived that the solar system and the universe had come into existence by a natural process and would disappear one day. 他也认为，太阳系和宇宙是自然形成，所以有一天可能会消失。 (1994完形)

造句：When did this world come into existence?  这个世界何时产生的？ 

New things come into fashion all the time. 

 新产品总是很快就会流行起来。 

These trees come into blossom early in the middle of summer. 

 这些树在仲夏时开花。 

269. (be) in existence存在

造句：You are the most selfish, heartless creature in existence. 

 你是世界是最自私、最没良心的家伙。 

270. expect…of 在…期望…

expect原始涵义：vt.

1.预料; 预期

She expects to fail the exam.她预料无法通过考试。

2.认为(某事)会发生; 认为(某人)会来; 预计

I expect a storm.我预计会有一场暴风雨。

3.理应得到; 期望, 期待; 期盼

We expect writers to produce more and better works.

我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。

4.猜想; 认为某事是真实的

I expect (that) you are tired from the trip.我想你旅途劳顿了吧。

造句：That is what the british people expect of their queen. 

 那就是英国人对他们女王的期望。 

271. at the expense of在损害…情况下,以…为牺牲

expense原始涵义：n.

1.消耗, 花费

2.花费的钱, 费用, 开支, 花费

3.费用；价钱

4.花钱的东西；开销

5.（向雇主报销的）费用，开支，花销，业务费用

真题重现：①以…为代价

    【例句】Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入或是反过来，这往往取决于把哪一方看作驱动力。    (1994翻译)

    ②由…付费，由…负担费用

    【例句】This is just Wiltshire police cashing in at the expense of the thousands of motorists who pass through the county every day. 这只是威尔特郡警方收到的税款，这些税款由每天穿行于该郡的数千驾车者缴纳。    (BBC)

造句：It is wrong to aim at sheer quantity at the expense of quality. 

 片面地追求数量而忽视质量是错误的。 

272. expose…to…使暴露于…, 使…受(危险,风险)

expose原始涵义： vt.

1.暴露；显露；露出

2.使面临，使遭受（危险或不快）

3.使遭受(特定情况)，使处于…的影响(或作用)之下；使接触到；使知悉，使了解 (to)

4.使暴露在空气(或寒冷、风雨、阳光等)中；使无遮蔽，使无保护 (to)

造句：He was going to expose their triviality once and for all. 

 他将彻底暴露他们的浅薄无能。

273. be exposed to… 面临…, 受到….

造句：I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature.我认为，女性所遭受的这类事情往往更持久、更频繁。

274. beyond expression无法形容, 说不出的

同义替换：= in a manner that cannot be expressed

expression原始涵义：n.

1.表示, 表现, 表达

He closed his letter with expression of grateful thanks.

他在那封信的结尾表达了自己的感激之情。

2.表情

All their expressions were not true.他们所有的表情都不是真的。

3.感情

Her voice lacked expression.她的声音缺乏感情。

4.词, 措辞, 词组

The fashionable remarks of today often become the commonplace expressions of tomorrow.今天的时髦话往往变成明天的陈词滥调。

造句：Joe's delight was beyond expression. 

 乔斯的得意真是难以言语形容。

275. give expression to 表达, 表现 find expression in 表现

造句：At last he find a proper way to give expression to his gratitude 

 最终他找到了适当的方式表达了自己的感激之情。

All these find expression in quick-decision offensive warfare on exterior lines in campaigns and battles and protracted defensive warfare on interior lines in strategy. 

 而一切这些，都表现于战役和战斗上的外线的速决的进攻战，同时也就表现于战略上的内线的持久的防御战之中。 

276. to …extent 在…程度上

extent原始涵义：n.

1.长度, 面积, 范围

The new race track is nearly six miles in extent.这条新跑道将近六英里长。

2.程度, 限度

What's the extent of the damage?损坏的程度如何?

造句：To some extent, I can understand their attitude.  

 我在某种程度上是能够理解他们的态度的。 

277. in the extreme 极其

同义替换：= extremely

extreme原始涵义：adj.

1.(在)末端的；在尽头的；(离中心)最远的，最遥远的

She lived on the extreme edge of the forest.她住在森林的最边缘。

2.极度的, 极端的; 过激的；过分的

His views are rather extreme.他的见解相当偏激。

3.异乎寻常的；严重的；严厉的

n.

极端, 过分，极度，极限

Joy and grief are extremes.喜与悲都是极端。

造句：This is inconvenient in the extreme.   

 这极不方便. 

278. look sb. in the eye 正视, 打量(某人)

造句：Don't look anybody directly in the eye but don't look away from them either. 

 不要盯着任何人的眼睛看，但是不要故意把目光躲开好像不敢直视他们似的。 

279. close (shut) one’s eyes to不理会,视而不见

造句：We cannot close our eyes to evil doers and evil deeds. 

 我们对坏人坏事决不能熟视无睹。 

280. in one’s eye 在心目中, 在想象中

同义替换：=in one’s mind

造句：In his eye(s), this sum of money is nothing But small Beer   

 在他的眼里,这笔钱只是毛毛雨

281. in the twinkling of an eye 一眨眼,转眼间

造句：The development of things undergoes a myriad of changes in the twinkling of an eye. 

 事情的发展瞬息万变。 

282. keep an eye on照看,监视

同义替换：= keep a watch on

造句：Would you keep an eye on my baby for me while I'm away?我不在时你能替我照看一下宝宝吗?

283. in the eyes of/ in one’s eyes在某人看来, 在某人眼里

同义替换：= in the judgment of

造句：In the eyes of my parents, I'm forever a child. 

 在我父母的心目中,我永远是个孩子。 

284. on the face of it表面看来

同义替换：= judging by what one can see

造句：On the face of it, the document seemed genuine. 

 从表面看，这文件像是真的。 

285. in the face of 面对着(困难等情况)

造句：He took his courage in both hands in the face of danger. 

 他迎着危险勇往直前。 

286. in one’s face当着某人的面; face to face面对面; face up to 大胆面向

造句：She threw the lie in his face.   

 她当面斥责他扯谎。

I met him face to face.   

 我和他正面相遇。

He had to face up to the fact that his family disapproved of his wife. 

 他必须面对家人不赞同婚事的事实。 

287. fail in 失败

同义替换：= be unsuccessful in

fail原始涵义：

vt. & vi.在…中失败

He failed to pass the examination through carelessness.由于粗心, 他考试没及格。

vi.

1.衰退, 衰弱

2.破产

3.不足, 短缺, 缺乏

The oil supply failed.石油供给不足。

vt.

1.辜负

2.忘记, 忽视, 未能

The car failed to climb the hill.这辆小汽车没能爬上山去。

n.考试不及格

Some college courses are graded in terms of either a pass or a fail.

有些大学课程按及格或不及格评分。

造句：By my calculation, 5% of the students will fail in the exam. 

 据我估计,百分之五的学生不能通过这次考试。

288. in good faith真诚地
同义替换：= honestly, sincerely

faith原始涵义：n.

1.信任; 信仰; 信心

Faith that justice would prevail impelled us forward.

正义必胜的信念激励着我们前进。

2.宗教信仰

3. 信赖的事情；保证；诺言；约定，誓约

4.(对人或事的)信任，信心，信赖

5.忠诚，诚意；信义

感叹词 interj.实在，确实，的确

造句：He lent them the house in good faith. 

 他出于善意将房子借给了他们。 

289. keep faith with 对…守信用

造句：Parents should keep faith with their children 

 父母应该对他们的孩子说话算数。 

290. lose faith in 对…失去信心

造句：I feel you should never lose faith in yourself. 

 我觉得你永远不应对自己失去信心。 

291. on faith 毫无怀疑地, 依赖地

造句：He looked so honest that we accepted his story on faith.   

 他那时看起来非常老实，所以我们就盲目地信了他的说法。

292. faithful to对…忠诚

同义替换：= loyal to

造句：He was faithful to me in weal and woe. 

 不管是在顺境或是在逆境,他一直对我忠诚。 

293. fall into the habit (of) 养成…习惯

造句：It's very easy to fall into the habit of smoking, but extremely difficult to stop.   

 要养成吸烟习惯很容易，但要戒掉却极其困难。

294. fall short of没达到, 低于

同义替换：= fail to reach a desired result, standard, etc.

真题重现：The official statistics on productivity growth fall short of businessmen's anticipation.官方关于生产增产的统计没有达到商人们的预测。    (1998阅读)

造句：If you hold out a little longer, you will not fall short of success at the last stage. 

 再坚持一下就不至于功亏一篑了。 

295. familiar with 熟悉,了解

造句：If you live in a large city, you are quite familiar with some of the problems of noise. 如果住在大城市，你就会非常熟悉噪音带来的某些问题。   

296. have a fancy for (没有道理地)喜欢, 想要

同义替换：= like sth. without the help of reason

fancy原始涵义：vt.

1.想像, 设想

Can you fancy yourself on the moon?你能想像自己登上月球是怎样一种情景吗?

2.想要, 喜欢

I don't fancy this place at all.我一点也不喜欢这个地方。

3.猜想, 以为

She fancied herself nervous.她自以为神经衰弱。

n.

1.设想, 空想, 幻想

He indulged in idle fancy.他沉溺于幻想之中。

2.想像力, 幻想力

Children usually have lively fancy.儿童往往有丰富的想像力。

3.爱好, 迷恋

I have a fancy for some wine with my dinner.我喜欢在晚餐时喝点酒。

adj.

1.昂贵的, 高档的

2.别致的, 花式的, 花哨的

The dress is too fancy for me.这件服装我穿太花哨了。

3.空想出来的，根据想象的；异想天开的

造句：I have a fancy for some wine tonight. 

 我今晚想喝点酒. 

297. take a fancy to 喜欢

同义替换：= become fond of

造句：Have you take a fancy to your dog?   

 你喜欢上你的狗了吗？

298. by far 远, 非常 (与比较级或最高级连用)

far原始涵义：adv.

1.到很远距离, 遥远地

They live into far beyond the hill.他们住在山那一边很远的地方。

2.久远地

He's fallen far behind in his work.他的工作远远没有做完。

3.到很大程度, 很, 极

This book is far different.这本书很不一样。

4.（问到或谈及距离时说）有多远，远（至）

adj.

1.远的, 遥远的

France is far from China.法国离中国很远。

2.（某方向的）最远的，远端的

真题重现：①…得多，最

    【例句】By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations.在学校中最糟糕的竞争方式是极力强调考试。    (1995阅读)

    ②到目前为止

    【例句】They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever detected: a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15billion light years from earth.离地球大约150亿光年的一块狭长的巨大宇宙云系是科学家到目前为止发现的最大和最远的物体。

    (1998翻译)

造句：

She is the best by far/She is by far the best. 

 她显然是最好的. 

She outshone by far all the girls of her age. 

 她比她同年龄的姑娘们光彩照人得多。 

299. far from 远远不是

造句：It's far from perfect.   

 那还远远算不上完善。

300. far from 非但不…(而且)

【Tips】后面可以跟名词，形容词，或者动词的-ing形式。

真题重现：In fact, far from being strange, most of the gifted are mining their early promise into practical reality.事实上，并不奇怪的是，大多数有才能的人会把早期的承诺变成现实。    (1990阅读)

造句： Far from undermining this chivalry of age, the Chinese people have reinforced it. 

 对于老年人应受尊敬这一问题，中国人远非贬损它，而是强调它。