考研写作冲刺讲义

　　 l 认清什么是应试写作？通过写作，考察学生对于英文的语言应用能力！（注意，不是思维能力）（03年1月的例子）
　　

　　 l 所以，以应试为目标，必须熟悉考试题型、判分方法及标准范文；
　　 l 而写作，是自我展现的过程，不擅长的内容不展现；只把最光鲜的局部（事先准备好的内容）展示给老师看！

　　l 这就是应试写作的核心！

　　考研作文总体介绍

　　l 小作文（应用文）

　　要求：100words，

　　满分10分，平均分5.5－6分，

　　考场建议时间：20分钟，

　　考试内容：投诉，建议，邀请，辞职，道歉，申请，推荐，求职，离职等内容，

　　l 大作文

　　以图画题为主，

　　早年考过图表文章，提纲作文，背景作文以及开放式作文

　　要求：160－200字，

　　满分20分，

　　平均分11分，

　　考场建议时间：40分钟；
　　
　　

　　
　　

　　l A节应用文

　　1. 信息点的覆盖（审题）

　　2. 内容的组织（结构）

　　3. 语言的准确性

　　4. 格式

　　5. 语域的恰当

　　注：对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题做调整。允许在作文中使用提示语中出现的关键词，但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分

　　 

　　l B节作文

　　1. 内容的完整性

　　2. 文章的组织连贯性

　　3. 语法结构和词汇的多样性

　　4. 语言的准确性

　　l 考官眼中的好文章——要研究范文

　　98.1母鸡下蛋，虚假承诺

　　Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should:

　　1 write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon

　　2 give your comments

　　The past several years have witnessed a phenomenon that a variety of promises have been arising from all walks of life. Regrettably, quite a lot of promises are sheer nonsense, just as the hen in the given cartoon commits herself to lay eggs which are round without any angles and corners and have shells, egg whites and yolks.（描述图画）

　　Odds and funny as they sound, such false promises can be seen and heard everywhere in our country. Administration departments assure to perform their tasks effectively and fairly without taking any bribes; manufacturing units guarantee to turn out products of good quality; commercial enterprises swear to provide genuine commodities and polite and enthusiastic services. Can you find anything new and substantial other than their obligations, duties and jobs in these so called promises? I guess your answer will be negative. As a matter of fact, their intention to make such commitments is nothing but to put on civilized outer clothing to please or deceive the public.（阐释寓意，通过具体实例将抽象的漫画与现实生活联系起来）

　　I dare say that your society is suffering corruption and cheat which are causing damage to society both materially and morally. But the hen and her like should know that by dishonest words no one can survive the intense competition under market economy system. They should remember the old saying, “Honesty is the best policy”.（发表个人评论：这种做法会造成伤害/解决方法）

　　段落结构非常清晰；语言清晰流畅；用词有效替换

　　严格按照提纲写；词汇句子结构多样；无严重语言错误；

　　　　

　　
　　

　　l 考研写作大作文速成

　　Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

　　1) describe the drawing briefly,

　　2) explain its intended meaning, and then

　　3) support your view with an example/examples.

　　描述图画+阐释寓意+举例论证

　　There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper. As is vividly depicted above, in front of the football stands an athlete, imagining the goal keeper is so giant that hardly can he score the goal; on the contrary, the goal keeper minimizes himself and he cannot keep the net at all. Funny as the picture is, the symbolic meaning is as deep as oceans. （万能开头句+描述图画（倒装、ing结构）+万能结尾）

　　What is the intended meaning of the picture? The past decade has witnessed a huge development in society owing to the reform and open door policy being carried out, bringing some problems at the same time, with the youth’s lack of confidence being the foremost. According to the latest survey, over 60% youth get defeated when they meet any difficulty, which leads great social concern. Were the situation to continue, we would pay a high price.（设问开头+现实联系+统计调查+虚拟结尾总结）

　　Among all the touching facts relating to confidence that I have heard, noticed, and experienced, the most impressive one is LiuXiang. As the world sport star, he invariably imagines positively that he can win in every hurdle race, never shrinking in front of other experienced players. Had he been afraid of his rivals, never could he make any world record in the Olympic Games. Just as the old Arab proverb says, our final enemy is ourselves. Only in a strong mind believing in ourselves can we hope to witness the ideal scene, in which we can conquer any difficulties and enjoy the struggle to the uttermost. （万能举例开头+例子描述+万能结尾）

　　

　　
　　

　　05.1 养老足球赛

　　Write an essay of 160-200words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.

　　描述图画＋阐释寓意＋给出评论

　　There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper. As is vividly depicted in the cartoon, in the middle of the drawing, lies an old man, crumbling like a football, who is deserted by his sons and daughter, guarding their doors and refusing to take care of their father. Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaning is as deep as ocean.（万能开头句+描述图画（倒装、ing结构）+万能结尾）

　　What is the purpose of the picture? The past decade has witnessed a phenomenon that an increasing number of cases about maltreating the elders in some part of our country, either in cities or in the countryside. According to the latest survey, nearly 30% of the old people are lack of the tending from their off springs. Were the situation to continue, we would pay a high price.（设问开头+现实联系+统计调查+虚拟结尾总结）

　　As far as I am concerned, the problem being so serious, it is high time that we took effective and efficient measures to counter the maltreatment towards old people. For one thing, laws and regulations should be worked out to punish those who do not support their parents’ living; for another, we young people should be educated to respect and esteem the old. Only in a reasonable, prosperous and healthy society can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which old people can enjoy their twilight to the uttermost.（万能段落解决方法）
　　
　　

　　

　　04.1 终点又是新起点：

　　Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should:

　　1 describe the drawing;

　　2 interpret its meaning, and

　　3 support your view with examples.

　　描述图画＋阐释寓意＋举例论证（至少2个）

　　There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper. As is vividly shown above, on the playground runs a young man, rushing to the final, which is also marked as another start one. Tired as he is, he has to continue his travel optimistically. Just as the old Arab proverb says, final means another start point. Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaning behind the pictures is as deep as the ocean.（万能开头句+描述图画（倒装、ing结构）+万能结尾+谚语）

　　What is the purpose of the picture? The running situation is naturally associated with our real life. Whenever we have achieved a goal or the like, should we just stop pursuing the further goal and just enjoy the happiness of success or be savage again for the next terminal--a question deserves our more attention. （设问开头+现实联系+万能句式）

　　Our human history has been filled with a variety of examples of running, with Liuxiang, the gold medal winner in Olympics, 2004 being the foremost. Had he stopped practice only after he had won a region championship, he would not have been the world super star. Turn our attention to the business field. According to a survey, 70% of the companies merged by bigger ones, have once been overjoyed with their small profits and unaware of the danger posed by more ambitious rivals. In sum, keeping making progress should be the right attitude toward life and work for everybody and even for a country. （万能举例开头+例子描述(假设，统计调查)）

　　

　　
　　

　　02.1美国女孩子穿中国传统服饰：

　　Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay entitled “cultures--national and international”

　　In the essay you should

　　1 describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and（此提纲应分为两段写作）

　　2 give your comments on the phenomenon

　　描述图画＋阐释寓意＋给出评论

　　There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper. As is vividly shown in the picture, in the middle of the photograph, stands a foreign girl, dressed in Chinese traditional clothes, with a sweet smile on her face. Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaning behind the picture is as deep as the ocean. Just as the old proverb says, cultures transmit beyond border. （万能开头句+描述图画（倒装、ing结构，with结构）+万能结尾+谚语）

　　What is the meaning of the picture? The past decade has witnessed a phenomenon that an increasing number of cultural influence have taken place owing to the reform and open door policy being carried out. According to a survey, the number of people coming from foreign countries has reached to 10,000,000, who have brought fresh ideas to China and taken away Chinese traditional essence. Were there no such policy, never would we taste KFC at all, neither would foreigners know anything about Chinese Kungfu. （设问开头+现实联系+统计调查+虚拟结尾总结）

　　As far as I am concerned, with the process of the globalization, it goes without saying that we are living in an ever small world. We are eager for foreign cultures and also eager to make ourselves understood by other countries. With an open mind and warm heart, it will only be a matter of time before it is possible for us to live in a real world of globalization.

　　

　　01.1 爱心是一盏灯

　　1 showing your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the pictures below.

　　2 give a specific example, and

　　3 give your suggestion as to the best way to show love

　　描述图画＋举例论证＋给出建议（suggestion）

　　There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper. As is vividly shown in the picture, in the darkness stands a candle, spreading light and warmness around itself. Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaning behind the picture is as deep as the ocean. Just as the old proverb says, love is just like a light, being brighter in the darker places. （万能开头句+描述图画（倒装、ing结构）+万能结尾+用谚语将图中中文翻译）

　　Our human history has been filled with a variety of examples of love, with the following one being the foremost. In some remote part of the west of China, exist numerous families, being so poor that hardly can they support their children’s education. Pathetic as they are, people coming from all walks of life began to help them, which is so called Hope Project. According to a survey, money collected annually is worth as much as $100,000,000, which can help one million children to go to school. Were there no such precious help, those children would never taste any knowledge and live in the darkness forever.（万能举例开头+例子描述+统计调查+虚拟总结）

　　Then how to show love to others? It goes without saying that we are living in a world of love and help. All the members in the society should join their hands in creating a favorable environment for others. Only in a society full of love can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which people can enjoy their lives to the uttermost.（设问开头+万能结尾句）
　　

　　l 应用文

　　应用文的六句口诀

　　1 开门见山说意图，

　　2 信息要点覆盖到，

　　3 举一反三讲细节，

　　4 语言正式词多变，

　　5 感谢客气不能少，

　　6 期待回信成老套。

　　l I, as… , am writing here to …(I am so happy to hear from you recently that hardly can I wait to write back to you.)

　　l I will appreciate it very much if you could … and I am looking forward to your early reply.

　　l 格式注意几个方面:

　　1 署名一律Li Ming

　　2 不要忘记Your Sincerely，或者Yours，

　　3 开头Dear Sir/Madam,(例外)

　　一 投诉信

　　例题：

　　You live in a room in college which you share with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting. He/she has parties in the room and sometimes borrows your things without asking you.

　　Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college and ask for a new room next term. You would prefer a single room. Explain your reasons.

　　范文解析

　　Dear Sir or Madam:

　　I am writing to inform you that I wish to move into a new room next term. I would prefer a single room, as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient.

　　I must explain that the reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommate’s inconsiderate behavior. For one thing, his friends are constantly visiting him; for another, he regularly holds noisy parties. In addition, he sometimes borrows my things without asking me. In these circumstances, I find it difficult to concentrate on my studies, and I am falling behind in my assignments.

　　I am sure you will agree that the only solution is for me to move into a room of my own, where I will be free from such distractions. Therefore, I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me, preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible.

　　Yours sincerely,

　　LiMing

　　二 建议信——07年考研真题

　　Directions:

　　Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service.

　　You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

　　Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.

　　Do not write the address. (10 points)

　　Dear Sir or Madam:

　　I, as a senior student of the university, am writing here to provide some advice to improve the service in the library.

　　I can find no better suggestions other than the following two. To begin with, why not provide heater during winter time? It is always so cold in the library that many students catch cold when studying there. Besides, please pay more attention to the order at the reading room. So many disturbances such as talking aloud, mobile phone rings and the like make us difficult to concentrate on study. Under these circumstances, I find that I am falling behind on my studies.

　　It will be grateful if you could take my suggestions seriously. I am looking forward to your early reply.

　　Your Sincerely,

　　Li Ming

　　三 道歉信

　　假设你是一个学校的学生,将图书馆中的一本书弄坏了,请给图书管理员写一封信,说明问题并请求原谅.

　　Dear Sir or Madam:

　　I am writing here formally to apologize for the damage done to the book, borrowed last week and due to be returned next week.

　　I have always been cherishing the book as treasures. However, I have a cat accompany with me, who often jumps up and down to please me while I am reading. Yesterday, it happened to knock over the cup and out spoiled the coffee. Unfortunately, four pages of the book were stained.

　　As the only friend and roommate in the house, I cannot punish her but myself. I have contacted the publishing house to order a new one. If not possible, I am ready for any reasonable penalty. Sorry for any inconvenience I have caused.

　　Sincerely yours,

　　LiMing

　　四 辞职信

　　Directions:

　　Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.

　　Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address.(10 points) （注意，以下范文并未按照提纲写，非常危险！）

　　Dear Mr. Wang,

　　I am much grateful to be employed by you two months ago as an editor for your magazine Designs & Fashions. I appreciate the opportunity of having worked here with you and other colleagues. The experiences will be unforgettable throughout my life.

　　However, as a young man whose primary interest is in computer science rather than fashion designing, I find my present job doesn’t fall in with my previous training and strength. I therefore decide to quit this job for something else that conforms to my former preparation.

　　Please accept my sincere apologies for any inconveniences my leaving may incur.

　　优秀范文赏析

　　You’ve just been offered a job, but you will not be able to start work on the appointed day. Write a letter to your boss explaining the problem and asking for an alternative day to start work.

　　　　Dear Sir or Madam:

　　I have applied for a position under your supervision and have been offered one a couple of weeks ago and due to start my work next week. However, I am writing here formally to request a delay of my start working day.

　　The reason for changing my working plan is about my wife, who is going to give birth of my first child next week in my hometown. My wife and I are both nervous and somewhat excited for this big event. As a husband and will-be-father, I think, I must go back and stay with my wife and wait for my first child coming to the world. I can not stand the worry and anxiety caused by the whole matter, so I have to decide to change my working schedule.

　　I am sorry for any inconveniences I have caused by this change in plan and I promise to start my work three weeks later. I do appreciate your kind consideration you have shown to me.

　　
　　五 发言稿

　　2006年6月CET作文题目

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled An announcement for a voluntary program. You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given below :
　　An announcement for a voluntary program

　　校学生会组织一次暑假志愿活动 现招聘志愿者

　　本次志愿者活动的目的 内容 及安排

　　报名条件及联系方式

　　To whom it may concern:

　　We, on behalf of students’ union, are now holding a voluntary program for summer vacation and expecting volunteers to join us.

　　In the west part of China lie some families, being so poor that hardly can they support their children’s education. In order to help them, all of us volunteers will spend 10 days in Yanan, Shanxi Province in teaching those children lack of education opportunities. Each of us will teach at least 6 hours there and share the rest time with those children. All of the participants are entitled to a free accommodation and transportation.

　　We will appreciate it very much if you could deliver this message to your fellows and look forward to your participation. Students of sophomore and junior are preferred, especially those who are major in education. Please contact us as soon as possible through the number 1234567, available 24 hours.

　　
　　六 演讲稿

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic A Campaign Speech. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.
　　1 你认为自己具备是什么条件（能力，性格，爱好）可以胜任学生会主席工作，
　　2 如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么？

　　

　　

　　Dear my fellow students,

　　I, as the candidate for the students’ union’s president, am speaking here to introduce myself and share my working plan with you.

　　For the past three years, I have always been the class president. The past experience has proved my ability in leadership and cooperation, which will be helpful for my future job. In addition, being capable of various sports games makes me sociable and active in the campus.

　　If I were to win the campaign, I would try my best to serve you, the students supporting me. Among the most urgent one is our library,…

　　Thank you for your attention.