2015年12月四级考试落下帷幕。笔者分析了三套试卷，阅读部分的整体难度适中，趋于平稳。

选词填空部分三篇：儿童认知能力，极端天气，信息时代的社会平等。其难度分布具有梯度性，既考察了简单的名词，动词，形容词，也考察相对较复杂的非谓语。解题方法依然是以判断词性为主，判断意思为辅

长篇阅读部分三篇：“How to Eat Well”, “The Perfect Essay”, “Joy: A Subject Schools Lack”。三篇文章的阅读难度不大，但是原文和句子在单词和句式上都出现了不同程度的替换，对于基础较弱、只认形不认意的学生来说挑战较大。然而，只要能够划好以名词为主的定位词，细心浏览文章，也能保证基本的正确率。

仔细阅读部分，题目有难有易。相对而已，细节题的比例有所下降，推断题和主旨题的比例有所上升。做题时，细节题依据定位词-定位-同义比对的步骤，推断题和主旨题注意看上下文和首末段，也可以拿到相应的分数。

最后送上三套题目的完整答案，祝各位考生有一份满意的答卷。

第一套

选词填空

36. G favorite

37. M protest

38. B amount

39. O theories

40. I immediately

41. D crazy

42. F differences

43. J naturally

44. H happening

45. N rejected

长篇阅读

46. The author was advised against the improper use of figures of speech.

I: She had no patience for brilliant but irrelevant figures of speech.

47. The author's mother taught him a valuable lesson by pointing out lots of flaws in his seemingly perfect essay.

C: In any event, my mother and her red pen showed me how deeply flawed a flawless essay could be.

48. A writer should polish his writing repeatedly so as to get closer to perfection.

K: But perhaps I missed something important in my mother’s lessons about creativity and perfection. Perhaps the point of writing the flawless essay was not to give up, but to never willingly finish.

49. Writers may experience periods of time in their life when they just can't produce anything.

E: …I was not able to produce anything for three years.

50. The author was not much surprised when his school teacher marked his essay as "flawless".

B: …they dream of their instructor returning it to them in exactly the same condition, save for a single word added in the margin of the final page: “Flawless”.

51. Criticizing someone's speech is said to be easier than coming up with a better one.  F: “to raise objections against another man’s speech, it is a very easy matter; but to produce a better in its place is a word extremely troublesome.

52. The author looks upon his mother as his most demanding and caring instructor.

A: I can identity one truly impossible teacher. She cared about me, and my intellectual life, even when I didn’t….She was also my mother.

53. The criticism the author received from his mother changed him as a person.

H: That was when true criticism, the type that changed me as a person, began.

54. The author gradually improved his writing by avoiding fancy language.

J: She trimmed back my flowery language.

55. Constructive criticism gives an author a good start to improve his writing.

G: Genuine criticism creates a precious opening fo an author to become better on his own terms.

仔细阅读

56. A Its success is hard to copy anywhere else.

57. B Lack of the right kind of talents.

58. A Its location is not as attractive to rich people.

59. D It is an old city with many sites of historical interest.

60. C They can do more than providing money.

61. C It may prevent your business and career from advancing.

62. B Encourage people to disagree and argue.

63. A To find out the truth about an issue.

64. D They take care not to hurt each other’s feelings.

65. D Acknowledge their contribution.

第二套

选词填空

36. N saw

37. F decades    

38. H globally

39. D chances

40. J occurs

41. O specific

42. B associated

43. G experiences

44. M reduce

45. K populations

长篇阅读

46. Cooking benefits people in many ways and enables them to connect with one another.

D: Shouldn’t preparing—and consuming—food be a source of comfort, pride, health, well-being, relaxation, sociability? Something connects us to other humans?

47. Abundant information about cooking is available either online or on TV.

B: There are plenty of recipes, how-to-do videos and cooking classes available to anyone who has a computer, smartphone or television.

48. Young people do less cooking at home than the elderly these days.

F: 52% of those 65 or older cook at home five or more times per week; only a third of young people do.

49. Cooking skills can be improved with practice.

O: And the only remedy for that is practice.

50. In the mid-20th century, most families ate dinner at home instead of eating out.

G: Back in the 1950s most of us grew up in households where Mom cooked virtually every night.

51. Even those short of time or money should be encouraged to cook for themselves and their family

E: My mission is to encourage green hands and those lacking time or money to feed themselves.

52. Eating food not cooked by ourselves can cause serious consequences.

J: …by not cooking at home, we’re not eating the ring things, and the consequences are hard to overstate.

53. To eat well and still save money, people should buy fresh food and cook it themselves.

M:To those Americans for whom money is a concern, my advice is simple, buy what you can afford, and cook it yourself.

54. We get a fairly large portion of calories from fast food and snacks.

C: Nearly two-thirds of us grab fast food once a week, and we get almost 25% of our daily calories from snacks.

55. The popularity of TV led to the popularity of frozen food.

H: Although frozen dinners were invented in the 40s, their popularity didn’t boom until televisions became popular a decade or so later.

仔细阅读

56. A It is disappearing.

57. B electronically.

58. D Spending money is so fast and easy.

59. A It represents a change in the modern world.

60. C He feels reluctant to part with the traditional wallet.

61. A They are culture-related.

62. C They get less sleep on public holidays.

63. C The World Cup.

64. B They want to get sufficient sleep.

65. B Few people really know the importance of sleep.

第三套

选词填空

36. J) fundamentally

37. G expands

38. O superficial

39. K interpretation

40. B acquired

41. I flows

42. F elements

43. M regard

44. H familiar

45. A accustomed

长篇阅读

46. It will not be difficult to make learning a source of joy if educators change their way of thinking.

G: Building on a child’s ability to feel joy, rather than pushing it aside, wouldn’t be that hard. It would just require shift in the education world’s mindset(思维模式).

47. What distinguishes children from adults is their strong ability to derive joy from what they are doing.

D: The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their ignorance, not their lack of skills. It’s their enormous capacity for joy.

48. Children in America are being treated with shocking cruelty.

A: it seems disgusting and shocking in America with its child-centered culture.

49. It is human nature to seek joy in life.

F: Human lives are governed by the desire to experience joy.

50. Grown-ups are likely to think that learning to children is what medicine is to patients.

K: Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine.

51. Bad school conditions make it all the more important to turn learning into a joyful experience.

H: The more horrible the school circumstances, the more important pleasure is to achieving any educational success.

52. Adults do not consider children’s feelings when it comes to education.

C: …when people think about education, they are not thinking about what it feels like to be a child…

53. Administrators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to their educational goals.

I: often because they are pressured by their administrators, treat pleasure and joy as the enemies of competence and responsibility…because it hinders hard work.

54. In the so-called “effective” schools, children are taught self-control under a set of strict rules.

B: I have visited some of the newer supposedly “effective” schools, where children shout slogans in order to learn self-control…

55. To make learning effective, educators have to ensure that children want to learn.

J: kids need to want to learn,

仔细阅读

56. C It may have a negative effect on creative work.

57. A They combine clock-based and task-based planning

58. D They tend to be more productive.

59. B It does not attach enough importance to task-based practice.

60. A task-based timing is preferred for doing creative work

61. A Her past record might stand in her way to a new life.

62. B They are deprived of chances to turn over a new leaf

63. C They are marginalized in society

64. D A lot of them have negative effects on society

65. B To appeal for changes in America’s criminal justice system.