在雅思写作流程图一向被大家视为“洪水猛兽”，经常会有学生问我，”老师，考试遇到流程图该怎么办？”“流程图的范文那么少，我去哪里找文章来看看呢？”

  剑桥雅思5Test2Passage1的阅读相信正在准备考试的小烤鸭们一定不陌生，就是那篇讲“酚醛塑料诞生”的文章。我们先来看看在这篇文章中第五段，对于“酚醛树脂制备”描述。

  文章原文如下：“The original patent outlined a three-stage process, in which phenol and formaldehyde （from wood or coal) were initially combined under vacuum inside a large egg-shaped kettle. The result was a resin known as Novalak, which became soluble and malleable when heated. The resin was allowed to cool in shallow trays until it hardened, and then broken up and ground into powder. Other substances were then introduced: including fillers, such as woodflour, asbestos or cotton, which increase strength and moisture resistance, catalysts (substances to speed up the reaction between two chemicals without joining to either) and hexa, a compound of ammonia and formaldehyde which supplied the additional formaldehyde necessary to form a thermosetting resin. This resin was then left to cool and harden, and ground up a second time. The resulting granular powder was raw Bakelite, ready to be made into a vast range of manufactured objects. In the last stage, the heated Bakelite was poured into a hollow mould of the required shape and subjected to extreme heat and pressure, thereby ‘setting’ its form for life. ”

  首先，我们看到文章的第一句话，The original patent outlined a three-stage process, in which phenol and formaldehyde （from wood or coal) were initially combined under vacuum inside a large egg-shaped kettle. 

  在这句话中，除了说到酚醛树脂的制作有三个步骤之外，运用“in which”引导的定语从句结合表示时间顺序的”initially“把第一个步骤也一起说完了。句型中用到了一个表达"a three-stage process"，这样我们就积累了一个表示共有多少步的表达。

  在流程图开头的写作中，我们除了写The whole process can be divided into XX stages.之外，还可以说 It is a XX-stage process. (XX填入具体的数字）。后面加入一个定语从句，表示在这个步骤中，两个物质进行反应，而initially的出现表示顺序。

  第二句话，The result was a resin known as Novalak... 生成一种叫Novalak的树脂， 这个结构我们可以用于两个物质相结合产生一个新的物质的时候。

  第三句话，The resin was allowed to cool in shallow trays until it hardened, and then broken up and ground into powder. 

  运用了be allowed to do sth这个结构，还是我们强调过小作文流程图在写工序图的时候需要用到被动语态，介词in后面接的是动作发生的地点。until引导的状语从句表述动作的结点，and then衔接下一个动作，体现衔接性。 

  第六句话，The resulting granular powder was raw Bakelite, ready to be made into a vast range of manufactured objects. 

   “the resulting XX”可以用来表示新产生出来的物质。“be ready to do”准备去做某事，后面用来衔接接下来需要做到的事情，这样可以规避掉机械使用逻辑词的情况，段落的最后是常规的被动语态运用。

  有了上面阅读文章的讲解，我们一起来看看面对C8T3的小作文关于水泥的制作，我们可以怎么写呢？

下面是题目中的原图：

  The production of cement shows a six-stage process, in which limestone and clay are initially crushed. The result is powder, which is then delivered to the mixer, where it is mixed. The mixture is subsequently allowed to be heated in the rotating heater until it is heated well, after which the rotated powder is placed on a conveyor belt. The powder is sent to a grinder, where it is ground into cement. The resulting powder is cement, ready to be packed into bags in the final stage. 

  (标红的部分是运用到了上面提及的句型和结构）

   总结 

  1. 在流程图写作中，经常会出现一些表示器具的名词，如上面列举的这篇文章中的mixer，heater, grinder，同学们需要改成动词使用，如mixed，heated，ground。

  2. 在流程图工序图的写作中，我们经常会需要用到表示“传送”“转化”“使用”的动词，但是需要注意要使用被动语态。

  传送：deliver, send, transfer, transport

  转化：convert into, transform into

  使用：use, utilize

  3. 在小作文流程图写作过程中，有5个需要同学们必须要掌握的句式。

  句式1：and并列句。

  句式2：after which引导的定语从句

  句式3：where引导的定语从句

  句式4：until引导的状语从句

  句式5：before + 分词

  其实，阅读真题中还有很多值得我们去挖掘的“宝藏”来运用到写作中，小烤鸭们一定要好好运用手上的真题，认真分析，积累表达和观点，争取早日屠鸭成功！