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Gerald Ford

    Nine days before the fall of Saigon, President Ford spoke on the resignation of South Vietnamese President Thieu. Soon after, the United States launched a massive helicopter evacuation of tens of thousands of anticommunist South Vietnamese and the last few Americans remaining in the country. 

Mohandas Gandhi

    In 1931, Gandhi, the political and spiritual leader of the Indian independence movement, was released from prison to attend the London Round Table Conference on India as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress. 

Gorbachev

    As leader of the U.S.S.R., Mikhail Gorbachev was a great force for peace, even at the cost of the Soviet government's downfall after 74 years in power. 

    A few days before his occupation of the Sudetenland, a confident Hitler addressed a Nazi rally at Berlin's Sportpalast stadium, and reassured the crowd that if war came with Britain and France the German Wehrmacht would be victorious. 

Pope John Paul II

    In 1995, the pope addressed the United Nations on the occasion of its 50th anniversary. Reaffirming his support of the ideals and goals of the U.N., he praised the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and called for the U.N. to become the moral center of a family of nations. 

Nikita Khrushchev and Richard Nixon

    In a defining moment of the Cold War, Vice President Nixon and Soviet leader Khrushchev engaged in an impromptu debate about the merits and disadvantages of capitalism and communism. The exchange, which took place in Moscow in front of a replica of a suburban American kitchen, was known as the "Kitchen Debate." 

Douglas MacArthur

    On September 2, 1945, aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay, the most destructive war in human history officially came to an end as representatives of the Japanese government and military signed their country's unconditional surrender. 

    After clashing with President Truman over war policy, MacArthur was relieved of his command of U.N. forces in Korea and returned to the U.S. for the first time since before World War II. Given a hero's welcome, he addressed a joint meeting of Congress, where he declared, "Old soldiers never die, they just fade away." 

Richard Nixon

    In 1973, after five years of talks, the United States and North Vietnam reached a peace agreement to end U.S. involvement in Vietnam. Two years later, Saigon fell to North Vietnamese forces and Vietnam was unified under Communist rule. 

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